What did dorothy hodgkin discover

Dorothy hodgkin nationality
Where was dorothy hodgkin born
Dorothy hodgkin family

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In the late 1930s Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin (1910–1994) became a leading practitioner of the use of X-ray crystallography in determining the three-dimensional structure of complex organic molecules.

In the 19th century and well into the 20th century, chemists like Emil Fischer conducted long, tedious chemical reactions and degradations to gain clues about the three-dimensional structures of molecules and then performed syntheses to test their deductions.

About the same time as Hodgkin was beginning her work in X-ray crystallography, chemists were also examining spectra from spectroscopes descended from the mid-19th-century invention of Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff, not just to analyze for elemental content but also to gain structural information about molecules.

Life in North Africa

Hodgkin was born in Cairo, Egypt, to English parents, John and Grace Crowfoot. Although her formal schooling took place in England, she spent a significant part of her youth in the Middle East and North Africa, where her father was a school inspector. Her parents were authorities in archae

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Dorothy Hodgkin

English chemist (1910–1994)

Dorothy Mary Crowfoot HodgkinOM FRS HonFRSC^[9]^[10] (née Crowfoot; 12 May 1910 – 29 July 1994) was a Nobel Prize-winning English chemist who advanced the technique of X-ray crystallography to determine the structure of biomolecules, which became essential for structural biology.^[9]^[11]

Among her most influential discoveries are the confirmation of the structure of penicillin as previously surmised by Edward Abraham and Ernst Boris Chain; and mapping the structure of vitamin B₁₂, for which in 1964 she became the third woman to win the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Hodgkin also elucidated the structure of insulin in 1969 after 35 years of work.^[12]

Hodgkin used the name "Dorothy Crowfoot" until twelve years after marrying Thomas Lionel Hodgkin, when she began using "Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin". Hodgkin is referred to as "Dorothy Hodgkin" by the Royal Society (when referring to its sponsorship of the Dorothy Hodgkin fellowship), and by Somerville College. The National Archives o

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1910 - 1994

Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin is the only British woman to have received the Nobel Prize for science. She was awarded the prize for Chemistry in 1964, in recognition of her work of establishing the structures of vitamin B12 and penicillin.

Born in Cairo in 1910, Hodgkin developed a love of chemistry from an early age, being one of only two girls permitted to study the discipline at her school. She would go on to study Chemistry at Oxford University, and completed a PhD in the subject at Cambridge.

Hodgkin returned to Oxford in 1934 to take on a Research Fellowship in Chemical Crystallography. She helped advance the x-ray crystallography technique, which was the key to studying and understanding three-dimensional structures of biochemical compounds. These structures included cholesteryl iodine, chemical formulae of penicillin and vitamin B12, and resulted in the award of the Nobel Prize in 1964.

Much of Hodgkin’s work in Oxford was completed here at the Museum of Natural History, as the University Chemistry department was still housed within the Museum at this time.