Johannes purkinje discovery

Johannes purkinje contribution to fingerprints
Johannes purkinje contribution to cell theory
Purkinje cells

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Jan Evangelista Purkyně

Lithograph of Purkyně by Rudolph Hoffmann, 1856, after a photograph by Bertsch & Aaraud, Paris.
Born	December 18, 1787(1787-12-18) Libochovice, Bohemia, Austrian Empire
Died	July 28, 1869(1869-07-28) (aged 81) Prague, Austria-Hungary

Drawing by Jan Vilímek, in Zlatá Praha, Vol 4, No 37, 1887.[1]

Illustration by František Bílek, in Sebrané spisy, Vol. 1, 1918.

Jan Evangelista Purkyně (Johann Purkinje) was a 19th-century physiologist, anatomist, biologist, poet and philosopher. His experimental physiological investigations in the fields of histology, embryology and pharmacology helped to create a modern understanding of the eye and vision, brain and heart function, mammalian reproduction and the composition of cells. In his early work he built upon Ernst Chladni's research on sound figures and JW Goethe's studies of perception as well as synaesthetic phenomena. Later he experimented with representation of movement using his own machines (Phorolyt, Kinesiscope). Purkyně created the world's first department of physiology an

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Jan Evangelista Purkyně

Czech scientist (1787–1869)

Jan Evangelista Purkyně (Czech:[ˈjanˈɛvaŋɡɛˌlɪstaˈpurkɪɲɛ]^ⓘ; also written Johann Evangelist Purkinje) (17 or 18 December 1787 – 28 July 1869) was a Czech anatomist and physiologist. In 1839, he coined the term "protoplasma" for the fluid substance of a cell. He was one of the best known scientists of his time. Such was his fame that when people from outside Europe wrote letters to him, all that they needed to put as the address was "Purkyně, Europe".^[1]

Biography

Purkyně was born in the Kingdom of Bohemia (then part of the Austrian monarchy, now Czech Republic). After completing senior high school in 1804, Purkyně joined the Piarists order as a monk but subsequently left "to deal more freely with science."^[2]

In 1818, Purkyně graduated from Charles University in Prague with a degree in medicine, where he was appointed a Professor of Physiology. He discovered the Purkinje effect, the human eye's much reduced sensitivity to dim red light compared to dim blue light, and published in 1

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Jan Evangelista Purkinje was born in Libochovice, Bohemia (Czech Republic) on December 17, 1787. He graduated from the University of Prague in 1819 with a degree in medicine. After publishing his doctoral dissertation on vision, he was appointed as Professor of Physiology at the University of Prague, where he discovered the phenomenon known as the Pukinje effect (as light intensity decreases, red objects are perceived to fade faster than blue objects of the same brightness). He also re-published his doctoral dissertation as the first volume of Beobachtungen und Versuche zur Physiologie der Sinne (Observations and Experiments Investigating the Physiology of Senses). The second volume, which followed in 1825, was subtitled Neue Beitrage zur Kenntnis des Sehens in subjectiver Hinsicht (New Subjective Reports about Vision). These two volumes contributed to the emergence of experimental psychology.

Purkinje created the world’s first department of physiology at the University of Breslau, Prussia in 1839 and the first official physiological laboratory,