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Alfred russel wallace theory of evolution

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10-minute read
keywords: evolutionary biology, history of science

The year 2023 marks the 200th anniversary of the birth of Victorian naturalist Alfred Russel Wallace. Best remembered as the father of biogeography, and only relatively recently pulled out of Darwin’s shadow as co-discoverer of the principle of natural selection, he was an all-round fascinating person. I have long wanted to read more about him. Evolutionary biologist, entomologist, and Darwin and Wallace scholar James T. Costa gives an in-depth, intimate, and updated story of his life. This first of three reviews will prepare me for a descent down the rabbit hole on how two scholars independently hit on the mechanism driving evolution.

In case you have only vaguely heard of Wallace, let me offer you a very brief statement of facts. Alfred Russel Wallace (1823–1913); born in a working-class family; trained as a surveyor; soon developed an interest in botany and entomology; spent four years (1848–1852) in the Amazon collecting animals and plants; lost most of them during a disastrous return journey; soon spent

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William Wallace

Scottish knight (1270–1305)

For other people named William Wallace, see William Wallace (disambiguation).

Sir William Wallace (Scottish Gaelic: Uilleam Uallas, pronounced[ˈɯʎamˈuəl̪ˠəs̪]; Norman French: William le Waleys;[2]c. 1270[3] – 23 August 1305) was a Scottish knight who became one of the main leaders during the First War of Scottish Independence.[4]

Along with Andrew Moray, Wallace defeated an English army at the Battle of Stirling Bridge in September 1297. He was appointed Guardian of Scotland and served until his defeat at the Battle of Falkirk in July 1298. In August 1305, Wallace was captured in Robroyston, near Glasgow, and handed over to King Edward I of England, who had him hanged, drawn and quartered for high treason and crimes against English civilians.

Since his death, Wallace has obtained a legendary status beyond his homeland. He is the protagonist of Blind Harry's 15th-century epic poem The Wallace and the subject of literary works by Jane Porter and Sir Walter Scott, an

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Alfred Russel Wallace

English naturalist (1823–1913)

"Alfred Wallace" redirects here. For the artist, see Alfred Wallis.

Alfred Russel Wallace (8 January 1823 – 7 November 1913) was an English[1][2][3]naturalist, explorer, geographer, anthropologist, biologist and illustrator.[4] He independently conceived the theory of evolution through natural selection; his 1858 paper on the subject was published that year alongside extracts from Charles Darwin's earlier writings on the topic.[5] It spurred Darwin to set aside the "big species book" he was drafting and to quickly write an abstract of it, which was published in 1859 as On the Origin of Species.

Wallace did extensive fieldwork, starting in the Amazon River basin. He then did fieldwork in the Malay Archipelago, where he identified the faunal divide now termed the Wallace Line, which separates the Indonesian archipelago into two distinct parts: a western portion in which the animals are largely of Asian origin, and an eastern portion where the fauna reflect Australasia. H

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